1 plot()函数用法

1.1 时序图

> x=c(0.051,0.926,0.209,0.358,1.672,-1.191,1.404,1.112,0.108,-0.429,0.746,1.304,0.292,-1.587,-0.815)
> plot(x)

1.2 散点图

> x=c(0.051,0.926,0.209,0.358,1.672,-1.191,1.404,1.112,0.108,-0.429,0.746,1.304,0.292,-1.587,-0.815)
> y=2*x+rnorm(15,0,1)   # 根据x生成序列y
> plot(x,y)

> abline(x,y)  # 添加趋势线

2 barplot()函数用法

2.1 柱状图

> x=rpois(200,10)
> y=table(x)            #把x转换成表，统计x中每个数据出现的次数
> y
x
 2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 
 1  2  4  7  6 24 30 25 21 23 22 12 10  5  4  2  1  1 

> barplot(y)     # barplot()的参数是table类型

3 hist()函数用法

3.1 直方图

> x=rpois(200,10)
> hist(x)     

说明：直方图和柱状图类似。柱状图每个类别对应一个柱子；而直方图的柱子是统计一个区间内出现的次数。

> hist(x,freq = F)   	 # 纵坐标是概率密度
> lines(density(x))     # 添加概率密度曲线

4 pie()函数用法

4.1 饼图

> x=c("男","男","男","男","女","男","女","男","女","男","男","男","女","男","男","男","男","女","女","女","女","女")
> y=table(x)
> y
x
男 女 
13  9 
> pie(y,col=rainbow(2))   # piet()的参数是table类型

5 boxplot()函数用法

5.1 箱线图

> x=c(0.051,0.926,0.209,0.358,1.672,-1.191,1.404,1.112,0.108,-0.429,0.746,1.304,0.292,-1.587,-0.815) 
> boxplot(x)

> y=2*x+rnorm(15,0,1)
> boxplot(x,y)